1,4-DIOXANE

ethers, heterocyclic 

P-DIOXANE; DIETHYLENE DIOXIDE; 1,4-DIETHYLENE DIOXIDE; DIETHYLENE ETHER; DIETHYLENE OXIDE; 1,4-DIOXACYCLOHEXANE; P-DIOXAN; DIOXANE; DIOXYETHYLENE ETHER; DIOXAN; 1,4-DIOXAN; TETRAHYDRO-1,4-DIOXIN; RCRA U108; UN 1165; C4H8O2

Emergency Overview 

Color:  colorless 

Change in color: Not available

Physical Form: liquid

Odor:  sweet odor 

Health Hazards:  respiratory tract irritation, skin irritation, eye irritation, liver damage, central nervous system depression, kidney damage, suspect cancer hazard (in animals) 

Physical Hazards:  Flammable liquid and vapor. Vapor may cause flash fire. Electrostatic charges may be generated by flow, agitation, etc. May form peroxides during prolonged storage. 

Short Term:  irritation, tearing, nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, headache, drowsiness, dizziness, loss of coordination, lung congestion, lung damage, blood disorders, kidney damage, liver damage 

Long Term:  irritation, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite, difficulty breathing, headache, drowsiness, dizziness, lung congestion, blood disorders, liver enlargement, liver damage, coma 

Short Term:  irritation, allergic reactions, absorption may occur, nausea, vomiting, headache 

Long Term:  irritation, kidney damage, liver damage 

Short Term:  irritation 

Long Term:  irritation 

Short Term:  irritation 

Long Term:  cancer 

MAY CONTAIN AN INHIBITOR 

If adverse effects occur, remove to uncontaminated area. Give artificial respiration if not breathing. Get immediate medical attention. 

Wash skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention, if needed. Thoroughly clean and dry contaminated clothing and shoes before reuse. 

Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Then get immediate medical attention. 

If a large amount is swallowed, get medical attention. 

See Section 9 for Flammability Properties 

Severe fire hazard. Vapor/air mixtures are explosive. The vapor is heavier than air. Vapors or gases may ignite at distant ignition sources and flash back. Electrostatic discharges may be generated by flow or agitation resulting in ignition or explosion. 

alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide, regular dry chemical, water Large fires: Use alcohol-resistant foam or flood with fine water spray. 

Move container from fire area if it can be done without risk. Dike for later disposal. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams. Cool containers with water spray until well after the fire is out. Stay away from the ends of tanks. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or any discoloration of tanks due to fire. For tank, rail car or tank truck, evacuation radius: 800 meters (1/2 mile). Water may be ineffective. Do not attempt to extinguish fire unless flow of material can be stopped first. Flood with fine water spray. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams. Cool containers with water spray until well after the fire is out. Apply water from a protected location or from a safe distance. Avoid inhalation of material or combustion by-products. Stay upwind and keep out of low areas. 

Subject to California Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65). Keep out of water supplies and sewers. 

Avoid heat, flames, sparks and other sources of ignition. Remove sources of ignition. Stop leak if possible without personal risk. Reduce vapors with water spray. Small spills: Absorb with sand or other non-combustible material. Collect spilled material in appropriate container for disposal. Large spills: Dike for later disposal. Keep unnecessary people away, isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind and keep out of low areas. Notify Local Emergency Planning Committee and State Emergency Response Commission for release greater than or equal to RQ (U.S. SARA Section 304). If release occurs in the U.S. and is reportable under CERCLA Section 103, notify the National Response Center at (800)424-8802 (USA) or (202)426-2675 (USA). 

Store and handle in accordance with all current regulations and standards. Store in a cool, dry place. Store in a well-ventilated area. Avoid heat, flames, sparks and other sources of ignition. Avoid contact with light. Store outside or in a detached building. Store with flammable liquids. May form explosive peroxides. Store in a tightly closed container. Monitor inhibitor content. Check peroxide content before use. Do not evaporate or distill to dryness. Subject to storage regulations: U.S. OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106. Grounding and bonding required. Keep separated from incompatible substances. 

Component Exposure Limits 

Biological limit value 

Ventilation equipment should be explosion-resistant if explosive concentrations of material are present. Provide local exhaust or process enclosure ventilation system. Ensure compliance with applicable exposure limits. 

Eyes/Face Wear splash resistant safety goggles with a faceshield. Provide an emergency eye wash fountain and quick drench shower in the immediate work area. 

Wear appropriate chemical resistant clothing. 

Wear appropriate chemical resistant gloves. 

The following respirators and maximum use concentrations are drawn from NIOSH and/or OSHA. At any detectable concentration - Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece that is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Escape - Any air-purifying full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front-mounted or back-mounted organic vapor canister. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. For Unknown Concentrations or Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health - Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece that is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. Any self-contained breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode. 

alcohol, ether, benzene, acetone, aromatic solvents, oils, organic solvents 

May form explosive peroxides. Avoid prolonged storage or contact with air, light or storage and use above room temperature. 

Avoid heat, flames, sparks and other sources of ignition. Containers may rupture or explode if exposed to heat. 

metals, oxidizing materials, combustible materials, 

1,4-DIOXANE: DECABORANE: Forms shock-sensitive mixture. NICKEL (RANEY CATALYST): Possible explosive reaction above 210 C. NITRIC ACID + PERCHLORIC ACID: Possible explosive reaction. OXIDIZERS (STRONG): Fire and explosion hazard. SILVER PERCHLORATE: May form explosive compound. SULFUR TRIOXIDE: Violent decomposition on storage. TRIETHYNYLALUMINUM: May explode when heated. ETHERS: BORON TRIIODIDE: Vigorous reaction.

oxides of carbon 

Thermal decomposition products: oxides of carbon.

Will not polymerize. 

Component Analysis - LD50/LC50 

Component Carcinogenicity

Oral administration in drinking water produced squamous cell carcinomas in the nasal cavities of rats of both sexes and hepatocellular adenomas in rats and mice of both sexes Oral administration also produced tumors of the nasal cavity, liver subcutaneous tissues, mammary gland, and peritoneal mesotheliomas in rats In skin studies there was an increase incidence of skin tumors in mice of both sexes Intraperitoneal injections in male mice produced incidences of lung tumors. 

kidney disorders, liver disorders, respiratory disorders, skin disorders and allergies, 

Alcohol may enhance the toxic effects. 

1,4-DIOXANE: May be irritating to the nose, throat and respiratory tract at 220 ppm This compound has poor warning properties and can be inhaled in amounts that may cause serious systemic injury Symptoms of systemic toxicity may include headache, vertigo, drowsiness, dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting Inhalation caused increased salivation, lacrimation, narcosis, behavioral changes, and death in animals Autopsy revealed lung, liver and kidney damage, congestion and edema of the lungs, and increased blood counts.

1,4-DIOXANE: Repeated exposure caused mucous membrane irritation, dyspnea, headache, vertigo, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, pain and tenderness in the abdomen and lumbar region, drowsiness, malaise, liver enlargement and damage, oliguria, anuria, uremia, coma, and death from acute renal failure Autopsies revealed lung and brain congestion, central nervous system damage, liver necrosis, hemorrhagic nephritis and necrosis, leukocytosis, and bronchopneumonia.

1,4-DIOXANE: May cause irritation with redness and pain Allergic contact dermatitis has been reported Skin absorption may occur and cause headache, nausea and vomiting Skin absorption produced signs of unsteadiness, incoordination, narcosis, erythema, and liver and kidney damage in animals.

1,4-DIOXANE: Prolonged or repeated contact may cause drying and cracking of the skin, dermatitis, and eczema Skin absorption may have contributed to the death of a worker following skin and inhalation exposure for one week Animal studies indicate repeated skin application may result in liver and kidney damage Tumor promoter activity has been reported in mice.

1,4-DIOXANE: Vapors may cause irritation at concentrations above 220 ppm No serious disturbances have been reported by external contact Direct application to rabbit eyes caused transient corneal injury.

1,4-DIOXANE Repeated or prolonged exposure may result in conjunctivitis.

1,4-DIOXANE: May cause light burning sensation on contact with oral mucous membranes Large doses resulted in weakness, incoordination, depression, coma and death in animals Autopsy revealed hemorrhagic areas in the pyloric region of the stomach, bladders distended with urine, slight proteinuria and enlarged kidneys Aspiration may result in pneumonia.

1,4-DIOXANE: In animal feeding studies, this compound produced liver and kidney degeneration and necrosis, ulceration of the stomach, hepatomas, carcinoma of the nasal cavity, carcinoma of the kidney pelvis, leukemia, lymphosarcoma, cholangiomas, gall bladder carcinomas, and tumors of the lung Reproductive effects have been reported in animals.

Component Analysis - Aquatic Toxicity 

Bioconcentration Factor 

Dispose in accordance with all applicable regulations. Subject to disposal regulations: U.S. EPA 40 CFR 262. Hazardous Waste Number(s): U108. 

Component Waste Numbers 

ADR Tunnel Code Restrictions 

Component Marine Pollutants (IMDG) 

SARA Section 311/312 (40 CFR 370 Subparts B and C) 

The following statement(s) are provided under the California Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65): 

Canadian WHMIS Ingredient Disclosure List (IDL) 

Germany Water Classification 

The listed component(s) of this material have been checked for country-specific published classifications according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling (GHS). The results of the queries are displayed below. Please see the individual country listings, as additional interpretations or reference information may be available. For a reference list of H- or P-statements, please visit ChemADVISOR’s website at http://www.chemadvisor.com/product-resources/26-pure-substance-and-mixture-databases/247-ghs-hazard-and-physical-statements 

Australia GHS Classifications 

Australia GHS Labeling Information 

European Union GHS Classifications 

European Union GHS Labeling Information 

Indonesia GHS Classifications 

Japan GHS Classifications 

Japan GHS Labeling Information 

Korea GHS Classifications 

Korea GHS Labeling Information 

New Zealand GHS Classifications 

New Zealand GHS Labeling Information 

South Africa GHS Classifications 

Taiwan GHS Classifications 

Taiwan GHS Labeling Information 

No classification assigned. 

ACGIH - American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists; ADR - European Road Transport; AU - Australia; BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand; C - Celsius; CA - Canada; CAS - Chemical Abstracts Service; CERCLA - Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act; CN - China; CPR - Controlled Products Regulations; DFG - Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; DOT - Department of Transportation; DSL - Domestic Substances List; EEC - European Economic Community; EINECS - European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances; EPA - Environmental Protection Agency; EU - European Union; F - Fahrenheit; IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer; IATA - International Air Transport Association; ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization; IDL - Ingredient Disclosure List; IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health; IMDG - International Maritime Dangerous Goods; JP - Japan; Kow - Octanol/water partition coefficient; KR - Korea; LEL - Lower Explosive Limit; LOLI - List Of LIsts™ - ChemADVISOR’s Regulatory Database; MAK - Maximum Concentration Value in the Workplace; MEL - Maximum Exposure Limits; NFPA - National Fire Protection Agency; NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; NJTSR - New Jersey Trade Secret Registry; NTP - National Toxicology Program; NZ - New Zealand; OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration; PH - Philippines; RCRA - Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; RID - European Rail Transport; RTECS - Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances®; SARA - Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act; STEL - Short-term Exposure Limit; TDG - Transportation of Dangerous Goods; TSCA - Toxic Substances Control Act; TWA - Time Weighted Average; UEL - Upper Explosive Limit; US - United States 

Reasonable care has been taken in the preparation of this information; however, the manufacturer makes no warranty whatsoever including the warranty of merchantability, expressed or implied, with respect to this information. The manufacturer makes no representations and assumes no liability for any direct, incidental, consequential, or other such damages resulting from its use or misuse. 

Supplier gives no warranty whatsoever, including the warranties of merchantability or of fitness for a particular purpose. Any product purchased is sold on the assumption the purchaser shall determine the quality and suitability of the product. Supplier expressly disclaims any and all liability for incidental, consequential or any other damages arising out of the use or misuse of this product. No information provided shall be deemed to be a recommendation to use any product in conflict with any existing patent rights. THIS SDS IS TO BE UTILIZED SOLELY AS A REFERENCE DOCUMENT AND IT IS NOT TO BE USED TO SATISFY THE DISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTS OF OSHA'S HAZARD COMMUNICATION STANDARD (HCS) NOR CANADA'S CONTROLLED PRODUCT REGULATION (CPR). Read the Safety Data Sheet before handling product. Use of any information contained herein is provided at the reader's own risk and thus independent judgment by trained professionals must be utilized at all times. 

Copyright 1984-2016 ChemADVISOR, Inc "RTECS®" is a United States trademark owned and licensed under authority of the U.S. Government, by and through Accelrys/Biovia. Portions ©Copyright 2016, U.S. Government. All rights reserved